Animation has a long-standing history as a form of communication that can translate abstract or complex concepts into intuitive visualisations. However, these competencies and experience are challenged when animation is asked to communicate the visual content of depicted objects from illuminated codices that document the early stages of modern science, technology, engineering, mathematics, medicine, and architecture. The reason is that the relationship between text and images crafted for practitioners centuries ago needs to be decoded with philological accuracy and encoded into a new medium able to communicate to a diversified audience. This paper discusses the design process developed by an interdisciplinary research team in digital humanities, including codicology, palaeography, history of architecture, and animation. The team investigated the visual communication of Callimachus’ invention of the Corinthian capital as recorded by Vitruvius (De Architectura, 4. 1. 9-10) according to Francesco di Giorgio Martini’s visual interpretations in MS Ashburnham 361 (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, ca 1482-1486, folio 13 verso) and MS Saluzzo 148 (Musei Reali, Biblioteca, Turin, ca 1480-1500, folio 14 verso). The 3D visualisation of the drawings related to the Corinthian capital demonstrated that digital animation could be an effective tool to visually investigate and reverse engineer the creative process of Francesco di Giorgio and produce philologically correct 3D models of the depicted objects. This kind of virtual reconstruction can be displayed on different innovative platforms and contribute to the advancement of learning in the study of Renaissance treatise on civil and military architecture. The interdisciplinary method described in this paper can be adopted by scholars in the humanities and practitioners in animation to map and decode the knowledge embedded in drawings depicted in Renaissance treatises on architecture and science, technology, and medicine manuscripts.
Davide Benvenuti is an Assistant Professor of digital animation at NTU ADM School of Art Design and Media Singapore since January 2013. He graduated with a master’s degree in Architecture at Florence University. His career spans television, advertising, and feature films. He has been engaged with Disney, Dreamworks, Nelvana and Ubisoft. Among his credit list: ‘Assassin Creed Black Flag’, ‘Assassin Creed III’, ‘Assassin Creed Revelation’, ‘Assassin Creed II’ (Ubisoft Singapore); ‘Sinbad Legend of the Seven Seas’ and ‘Spirit Stallion of the Cimarron’ with Dreamworks feature animation. With Disney Animation Australia, from 1995 till 2006, he worked on many direct to DVD titles and feature films, including ‘The Jungle Book II’, ‘Peter Pan Retour to Nederland’, and ‘Bambi and the Great Prince of the Forest’. Among his projects, he has just concluded a research grant with the Wilhelm Bush Museum Ronald Searle’s archive in Hannover, Germany. He is currently investigating the broad topic of visualisation for cultural heritage with the project: “3D animated solutions for the study and publication of science and technology manuscripts. Martini’s “Treatise on Architecture” annotated by Leonardo da Vinci as a showcase” in collaboration with the co-authors of this paper.
Dr Andrea Nanetti is an award-winning and internationally recognised expert in digital humanities. Using the history of Venice as a showcase and laboratory, he achieved international standing within a broad research spectrum that spans from critical editions of primary sources to computational and digital applications, via the publication of monographs and articles, invitations to contribute at leading international conferences, visibility in professional organisations, editorships in international journals as well as involvement in the organisation of significant research projects, conferences, and workshops internationally. Several world’s top-level institutions, including Harvard University, Princeton University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Brown University, and Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, invited him to be a research fellow or a visiting professor. His accomplishments include winning the 2021 GLAMi Awards (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums Innovation awards) in the category “Resources for Scholars and Researchers” and being selected as a finalist for Science Breakthrough of the Year in Social Sciences and Humanities for Falling Walls 2021 for his web-based international initiative, Engineering Historical Memory (EHM).
Stefano Bertocci is a Full Professor of the scientific sector ICAR 17 (Architecture). He is a Professor of Architectural Survey in Architecture and Design Degree, in the School of Specialization, and the PhD. School of Architecture of the Department of Architecture of the University of Florence. Deals with numerous research related to the opportunities offered by digital 3D survey and remote sensing in archaeology, architecture, and urban planning for Historical Town Centres. Author of numerous scientific publications on the problems of the redevelopment of historical centres and UNESCO heritage sites. He has been interested in numerous buildings of monumental character in Florence, in Italy and Europe under the profile of the scientific survey aimed at documentation and conservation. Among the principal works is the research about wooden architecture in Russia and Northern Europe and the surveys of various archaeological sites in the Middle East (including the Petra Crusaders fortresses in Jordan and the Masada fortress in Israel). Furthermore, he directs research studies on historical centres such as Salah al-Din district in East Jerusalem, the Rua S. Joao in the centre of San Paulo in Brazil, and the documentation of historical Franciscan Heritage in Europe, Mexico, and Brazil.
Dr Matteo Bigongiari is a Research Fellow and Adjunct Lecturer in ‘Design representation’ at the Design Campus at DiDA, University of Florence. In 2020, he obtained the title of Doctor of Research (ICAR17), with the additional title of Doctor Europeaus, with a thesis entitled ‘The fortified architecture of Leonardo da Vinci in Tuscany. Digital surveys of the fortifications of Piombino for the critical interpretation of Leonardo’s projects’, which received the Targa De Fiore UID 2020 award. He deals with numerous research projects related to the opportunities offered by digital 3D surveys and remote sensing in archaeology and architecture. He focuses on historical heritage, and he is working on documenting the works of architects such as Francesco di Giorgio Martini. He has participated in and follows numerous national and international projects at the DiDA Architectural Survey Laboratory, with research that focuses on digital documentation for the conservation of historical heritage, such as Mexico City historical centre and religious buildings around Mexico, Brasil, and Europe.