Numerous studies have established the link between green spaces and human health, demonstrating their positive impact on both individual and environmental well-being. However, amidst the outbreak of the 2019 pandemic, research into optimizing green space design to maximize health benefits and its role in pandemic response remains limited. This research aims to elucidate the pathway of greenspace to health outcomes and its effect on different periods of pandemic resilience. Considering three stages of epidemics resilience enhancement, the concept of three categories of greenspace effects on health—reducing harm, building capacities, and restoration capacity, namely mitigating exposure to environmental stressors, promoting practical initiatives to enhance health outcomes, and facilitating psychological recovery has been expanded in this research by incorporating the latest research findings. Moreover, this research identified research gaps regarding the interplay between green space, heat, and health, paving the way for future investigations. Finally, we give some case as references for utilizing green spaces to enhance pandemic resilience. By highlighting the pivotal role of green spaces in pandemic response, this study lays a foundation and suggests avenues for further exploration. Employing systematic research and literature review methodologies, complemented by case references and graphical presentations, we deepen our analysis and underscore the practical impact of green spaces on health promotion and community resilience during pandemics.
Wang Quying, a landscape architect, explores public green spaces for healthy and sustainable development. Holding a Bachelor’s in Architecture from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and a Master’s in Sustainable Architecture and Landscape Design from Politecnico di Milano, her master’s thesis focused on transforming a hospital’s outdoor space into a healing garden, sparking her interest in green spaces and health. Currently pursuing a Ph.D. at Politecnico di Milano, she studies sustainable and health-enhancing green systems, particularly in urban regeneration, with a focus on Milan.
Giovanna Fossa is full professor on Urban Design and Planning, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano. She has gathered a long and international experience (research and projects) on issues of urban renewal and landscape planning, tourism and place branding, with special focus on metropolitan regions. She is author of several publications, among them Transforming the Places of Production, Politecnico di Milano/RPA, Olivares Milano 2002; Un atlante per Milano, Skira Milano 2006; Building the European Diagonal, Fundacion Metropoli Madrid 2008; ITATOUR, F. Angeli Milano 2012 and Industrial Heritage Sites in Transformation, GSZ Humboltd University Berlin, Routledge Londra 2014.