IN-PERSON London Heritages. Section A

Abstract

This paper investigates the architectural and cultural significance of two mud built vernacular mosques in the settlement of Al-Khabra heritage in Saudi Arabia. The study focuses on the Large Mosque recently renovated in a manner that led to the loss of much of its original architectural elements and the Small Mosque which remains untouched and serves as a preserved example of traditional Najdi architectural design. Data was collected using a mixed-methods approach: architectural documentation involved 3D laser scanning and hand-measured surveys to create accurate digital models of both mosques. These models were used to analyse spatial organization and construction techniques. In addition to the technical analysis, oral histories were collected through interviews with 8 elderly residents of Al-Khabra who used to live in the village, provided valuable insight into the social, religious and cultural roles of the mosques. Their contributions helped contextualize the architectural spaces and demonstrate how seasonal and communal practices influenced spatial use and environmental adaptations. Seasonal usage patterns were explored, particularly the role of courtyard and other passive cooling features in mitigating Al-Khabra’s harsh climate. By comparing restored and unrestored mosques, the research underscores the consequences of insensitive renovation and highlights the importance of preserving original materiality and spatial integrity. The paper demonstrates how digital tools can enhance the accuracy and accessibility of heritage documentation that allows reversing poor practices of rehabilitation as well as serving as valuable educational resources. In alignment with the goals of Architectural identities of KSA 2025, this study advocates for restoration practices that balance technological advancement with cultural authenticity and calls for a more thoughtful integration of digital twins of heritage buildings as a preventive measure to future the rehabilitation