IN-PERSON Barcelona. Section A

Abstract

This paper examines how Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) serves as a tool of resistance among marginalized communities (Kurd and Lur) during the 2022 Woman, Life, Freedom Uprising in Iran. It specifically investigates the role of performing arts, particularly music, and women’s social practices and rituals in catalyzing social change in Iranian cities. After the establishment of the Islamic regime in 1979, the gender dynamic within ICH often empowers male-dominated elements while neglecting and even causing the loss of female-dominated ones. The tragic death of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish girl on September 16th, 2022, triggered the uprising, showcasing the resilience and transformative potential of cultural expressions in challenging oppressive norms, especially those related to the mandatory hijab and the ban on women singing following the 1979 Revolution and overthrown of Pahlavi monarchy. Despite authoritarian efforts to suppress these expressions, music and women-centric rituals have become potent forms of dissent, critiquing the outdated and repressive beliefs of the Islamic regime. This mobilization through cultural forms has fostered unity among people of different ages and genders and attracted global attention through social media, enhancing international awareness and support from other nationalities and Iranian immigrants in the diaspora. Drawing on Durkheim’s theory of collective effervescence and ritual theory, the paper argues that these shared cultural experiences promote inclusivity and resilience, confronting established power dynamics and advancing social justice and equality. The analysis reveals that, in the face of totalitarian suppression, ICH persists as a symbol of empowerment, emphasizing the significant role of ICH in inspiring and sustaining social change. This study contributes to understanding the intersection of ICH and political activism, highlighting the enduring impact of ICH on movements for societal transformation.