IN-PERSON Lisbon Livable Cities. Section B

Abstract

The paper deals with the future development of Refshaleøen, a former ship-building and industrial area in central Copenhagen harbour area. Since the closure of the shipyards, the derelict buildings have spontaneously developed into a hub for creativity, alternative urban development, festivals and diverse cultural experiences. This has transformed the area with a raw, creative atmosphere that attracts large and increasing numbers of local Danes and tourists at all times of the year. Refshaleøen is currently owned by pension funds and the Copenhagen municipality whose stated intention is to develop in a way that respects its special character and at the same time creates an attractive and sustainable urban environment. The paper, inspired by the tradition of Danish housing cooperatives, argues that although change and development of the area is inevitable, to be beneficial for the city and its inhabitants, Refshaleøen should not lose its unique character and identity as a place for alternative and experimental culture, and that it should respect the maritime history and diversity of the area; development should include the current residents and businesses who have effectively added value to the properties; and that Refshaleøen should be democratically planned and managed by involving the stakeholders and the public in the decision-making process. Using Refshaleøen as an historical, theoretical and strategic case study, the paper proposes a modern interpretation of cooperatives (‘Andelsforeninger’), which played an important role for Danish society in the late 1800s, based on shared ownership, democratic participation and which promoted social cohesion, local identity and cultural development. This solution has relevance for the development of repurposed urban areas to avoid the pitfalls of ‘gentrification’ and the subsequent loss of livability.